The Affirmative Action Program Essay - 2472 Words

The affirmative action program is important because it gives job opportunities for many people regardless of their race, color, religion, gender, and national origin. The work force should be well represented by the different ethnic backgrounds of our society. Some people look at affirmative action as reverse discrimination, but this program doesnt guarantee employment based on race, ethnicity, or gender. The affirmative action program gives equal consideration to individuals from a different race, ethnicity, or gender, but not one of these factors may be the only factor used to determine an individuals qualifications for any job. The biggest dispute of the program is the belief that the policy allows less qualified candidates to†¦show more content†¦We have come a long way ensuring that economic opportunity exists for all Americans; yet much work still remains to be done. This is why it would be very important that the government does not withdraw from affirmative acti on at this point in time. All facts should be considered before putting an end to affirmative action. Affirmative action is about fairness and not a debate about race. It is more about being allowed to participate and fully contribute in society, regardless of gender or race. If all facts were considered, it would be clearer that affirmative action is about equal economic opportunity, not just for minorities, but for women as well. It is about providing a chance to compete and participate in the economy. Every American would benefit when each person has the chance to contribute to the maximum extent of his or her ability. Affirmative action opens doors and provides opportunities for many people. Since 1964, our economy has created 50 million new jobs; many women and minorities entered the workforce, but they did not take away jobs held by white men. Using the talents that a diverse workforce brings to the economy created these jobs. Affirmative action is not about taking aw ay opportunities, but about creating them. When discussing the progress that was made with affirmative action, it has indeedShow MoreRelated Two Views of Affirmative Action Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesTwo Views of Affirmative Action We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal†¦. Even before it became a nation, America was heralded as a land of equality. Thomas Jeffersons statement begs more than a few questions, one of which is: How can we ensure equality to everyone? Beginning in the late 1960s, the federal government provided an answer to this question in the form of affirmative action. In recent years, many people have called this policy into question. InterestinglyRead MoreAffirmative Action And The Civil Rights And Equal Opportunity Legislation Of The 1960s958 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a program that serves to rectify the effects of purportedly past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and opportunities to minorities and women. Affirmative action programs were an outgrowth of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights movements and the Civil Rights and Equal Opportunity legislation of the 1960s. Close to fifty years later, the practice of affirmative action has been at the vanguard of intense debate more than any other time in its history. Hardly a week goesRead MoreAffirmative Action Essay 341025 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action is any effort taken to expand opportunity for women or racial, ethnic and national origin minorities by using membership in those groups that have been subject to discrimination as a consideration. The Fourteenth Amendment states that no person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistanceRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action1018 Words   |  5 Pages Affirmative Action is any effort taken to expand opportunity for women or racial, ethnic and national origin minorities by using membership in those groups that have been subject to discrimination as a consideration. The Fourteenth Amendment states that no person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistanceRead MoreUnderlying Reasons for Affirmative Action1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The issue of affirmative action has existed for around forty years, but the Wall Street Journal reports that the idea may be coming to an end (Sander Taylor, 2012). The reason for this is that while the idea of affirmative action originated for positive reasons, it has also had some negative side effects. In light of the possibility that affirmative actions are unwound, it is necessary to consider what might happen if that were to occur. This essay will consider precisely that issueRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Affirmative Action Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesExploratory Essay The Affirmative Action Debate Affirmative Action Defined Affirmative Action can be defined as â€Å"positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded (Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)†. However because those steps involve â€Å"preferential† selection affirmative action generates intense controversy (Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Affirmative ActionRead MoreAffirmative Action And Its Effects On The United States1100 Words   |  5 Pagesprovision that government contractors take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.† Affirmative Action policies have always been controversial, largely because of the allegation that they cause employers to give preference in hiring to less-qualified minorities or females over more-qualified white males. Affirmative action was first created in an effort to help minoritiesRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action and Racial Equality 1467 Words   |  6 Pages Affirmative Action and Racial Equality (1) Issue Identification Many individuals do not know the meaning of the term â€Å"affirmative action.† In order to clearly understand the issue, one must first know the necessary terms associated with it. Affirmative action is a term given to an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination (i.e. African Americans, Asians, etc.). For example, certain scholarships for African Americans can be regarded as affirmative action opportunitiesRead MoreAffirmative Action : Racial Equality938 Words   |  4 PagesStephany Rodriguez Jeannie Daugherty College English January 21, 2015 Affirmative Action: Racial Equality As a senior in high school, college becomes more of a reality to me- meaning the hunt for the perfect university is approaching...fast. But, the real question is, what do I look for when it comes to my dream college? To my surprise, it’s not the typical campus size issue, but rather it was racial diversity. The bottom line is, I do not want to be placed in a class where I am surrounded byRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1522 Words   |  7 Pagesaccepted into. A plan that has been implemented in several universities called The Affirmative Action plan promises to increase diversity on college campuses and ensuring racial and gender inclusion. For example, there would be an increase of minorities on campus. With this in mind, more minority students would apply to colleges that have implemented the Affirmative Action Plan. From an outside standpoint, the affirmative action plan seems to be working in that the student and staff populations are increasing

Middleman vs Ghost Free Essays

The Middleman VS The Ghost In the novel No Country for Old Men, the author, Cormac McCarthy, utilizes a unique style in his writing. From the dialogue to the plot, this novel is very different from McCarthy’s previous novels. Whereas the classic Western usual has a single protagonist, for example McCarthy’s very own Blood Meridian, which mainly centers around one main character, The Kid, No Country for Old Men is focused on three central individuals: Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, Llewellyn Moss, and Anton Chigurh. We will write a custom essay sample on Middleman vs Ghost or any similar topic only for you Order Now This notable technique allows reader to visualize the story from three points of views. Due to the post-war setting, specifically after the Vietnam War, the United States is in a state of turmoil led by violence and drugs. Due to the many scenes involving gun shoot-outs and characters on the run, No Country for Old Men can be interpreted as a genre of crime action and horror. When readers read or watch crime action, they expect it to start off with a criminal committing a crime and it ending with a hero solving the crime and capturing the bad guy. Some of the popular works of crime action are Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes series and CBS’s CSI: Crime Scene Investigation show. Like all genres, crime action has some loose guidelines: crime, investigation, and solution. The plot usually centers between the protagonist and antagonist. However, McCarthy adds a twist to the genre by adding a middleman. Readers can easily depict Chigurh as the antagonist since he commits multiple homicides, but who is the protagonist and middleman? At first, Moss appears to be the protagonist, but due to Moss’s death at the end, Bell ends up being the protagonist; thus making Moss the middleman. At first, readers assume Moss to be the protagonist since Chigurh is chasing after him. In addition, Moss gives off the impression that he is able to protect himself with his extensive knowledge on guns and ability to run away. Yet, this notion is proven wrong when Chigurh successfully kills Moss. In the end, Moss is considered to be an arrogant, selfish middleman, because he ignored the help of Sheriff Bell thinking that he can escape the grasp of Chigurh and put his wife and himself in danger for the sake of money. There are numerous times when Chigurh is committing a crime so quickly and andomly that Bell refers to him as a â€Å"ghost† (McCarthy, 149) and Wells calls him a â€Å"psychopathic killer† (McCarthy, 80). Yet, probably the biggest scene is when Chigurh attempts to kill Moss at Eagle Pass, but gets in a shoot-out with a group of Mexican drug dealers. Moss was able to escape from Chigurh, but suffered a fatal wound; the Mexicans were not so lucky as they were all killed. Though Chigurh was able to survive the shoot-out, he still ended up gettin g injured. This scene gives reader a sense of action due to Chigurh’s cunningness and skillfulness at executing crimes. Despite the multiple crimes, what makes No Country for Old Men a crime action is the cat-and-mouse chase. Throughout the novel, Moss is constantly running for his life, Chigurh’s persistent pursuit after Moss, and Bell’s attempt to save Moss by going after Chigurh. In Lydia Cooper’s article â€Å"’He’s a Psychopathic Killer but So What? ’: Folklore and Morality in Cormac McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men†, Cooper points out how McCarthy uses a â€Å"narrative structure [that] follows a ruling action of tri-episodic-action-repetition. In the novel, there is an emphasis on events occurring three times (Cooper, 10). Moss and Chigurh encounters each other three times, but Moss ends up dead on the third time (McCarthy, 99-239); Chigurh almost gets killed three times (McCarthy, 6-261); Chigurh and Bell almost face each other three times, but Chigurh always manage to avoid contact (McCarthy, 93-245). This method used by McCarthy gives the reader a sense of hit or miss in this crime action genre. Due to Anton Chigurh’s psychotic killings, nobody is safe in the novel. Therefore, the trope â€Å"Anyone Can Die† is well suited for the crime action in No Country for Old Men. Anton follows Moss’s every moves and kills everybody that Moss comes in contact with. Anton mercilessly kills innocent people just for driving Moss or working in the hotel he is staying at. McCarthy successfully portrays Chigurh as a ruthless, cold-hearted killer who has his own set of rules and morals. After the reader finds out how terrifying Chigurh is, McCarthy offers a false sense of hope by introducing Carson Wells. The trope â€Å"Contract on the Hit Man† goes with the novel by adding another hit man to kill the antagonist. Hired by the same company Chigurh was, Wells’ objectives were to retrieve the drug money and kill Chigurh. Readers feel relieved to know that somebody in the same field as Chigurh will be able to bring him down. However, hope is quickly crushed when Chigurh puts a hole in Wells’ face (McCarthy, 103) and kills his contractor (McCarthy, 117). These actions intensify Chigurh as a powerful and cunning psychopath who can’t be stopped. One significant characteristic of No Country for Old Men is that readers get to see the antagonist’s point of view. Through the eyes of Chigurh, readers get an understanding as to why he decides to kill innocent civilians. Through his own set of morals, Chigurh kills anybody that he thinks might pose a threat to him. When Chigurh talked to the proprietor of a gas station, Chigurh, out of the blue, tells the proprietor to â€Å"call it† after he tosses a quarter (McCarthy, 29). The reason Chigurh did a coin toss was to see whether or not he would let the proprietor live. This event shows the antagonist’s odd mindset, but yet gives the reader and unnerving awareness that he has â€Å"morals†. People who love to read or watch about horror expect to feel fear or panic caused by psychopaths or supernatural creatures. Some memorable works of horror are Stephen King’s novels or FX’s original hit series American Horror Story. What makes horror so frightening yet so fascinating is that it takes the readers out of their comfort zone and distorts their imagination. The creation of horror is usually created through the use of folklore or fantasy. The convention involves a terrifying antagonist going after the protagonist(s) in an eerie setting; it is similar to the theme of a wolf hunting a flock of sheep. If one thinks from a different point of view, No Country for Old Men is a bit similar to the horror movie Psycho when the main character ends up getting killed after stealing some money. At a different perspective, No Country for Old Men has some horror qualities to it. What makes the novel like a horror is Chigurh. McCarthy portrays Chigurh as a seemingly immortal, metaphysical character. His nonstop pursuit after his victims is haunting and the way he kills them after he captures them is distinctive. Like Freddy Krueger with his sharp, metal claws and Jason with his machete, Chigurh has his own special weapon: a stun gun attached to an air-tank. With his signature M. O. , usually a bullet to the head or between the eyes, Chigurh is a notorious psychopathic killer. The trope â€Å"Once is not Enough† depicts the horror genre in No Country for Old Men by showing how foolish Moss was to let Chigurh live. Chigurh and Moss has met three times; the first two times, Moss was able to narrowly escape Chigurh. The second encounter, Moss had the advantage over Chigurh by surprising Chigurh at gunpoint. For some reason, Moss let him live despite knowing the threat Chigurh posed to him. This is where the trope â€Å"Once is not Enough† applies; the victim lets the killer live thinking that running away is the solution. If Moss had taken the chance to kill Chigurh, then he would not have died in the end. Another trope â€Å"Unfinished Business† shows how strong-willed a villain can be. After attending Moss’s funeral, Carla Jean, the wife, returns to her house. When she heads to her room, she discovers Chigurh waiting for her on her bed. She knew why he was there but attempts to dissuade him from killing her by telling him he does not have to kill her. Taking pity on her, Chigurh gives her a second chance by letting the coin decide her fate. Nonetheless, fate was not on her side, and Chigurh killed her. The reason Chigurh killed Carla Jean was to finish the business he had with Moss. Even though Cormac McCarthy follows the conventions of crime action and horror, in some ways he steps out of the boundaries to create a twist to his novel. The norm in crime action genre is that the hero ends up being the victor and the enemy ends up losing. Despite this, McCarthy shocks the reader by abruptly killing Moss, which makes Chigurh the winner. In addition, since Sheriff Bell quits his job, which means that Chigurh is on the loose, the protagonist loses. The convention of a horror genre involves a sinister setting haunted by an ominous individual. Yet, the villain, Chigurh, travels to various places to track Moss. By breaking a few conventions, McCarthy gives the reader a taste of his own crime action and horror in No Country for Old Men. Cormac McCarthy successfully portrays the genres of crime fiction and horror in No Country for Old Men through his characters, plot, setting, and use of language. With the twist of including a middleman, McCarthy changes the convention of crime action; he also goes out of the norm by letting the antagonist be the winner at the end. The author also portrays Chigurh as a paranormal being that cannot be stopped, which gives the novel a sense of horror. This allows readers to enjoy a good crime fiction novel with some horror mixed into it. Works Cited Page Bennett, Steven. Definition of the Crime Fiction Genre. 13 Nov. 2012. http://www. findmeanauthor. com/definition_horror_fiction_genre. htm Cooper, Lydia R. â€Å"‘He’s a Psychopathic Killer, but So What? â€Å": Folklore and Morality in Cormac McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men. † Papers on Language Literature, Jan. 2009. Web. 6 Nov. 2012 Lydia R. Cooper, a student from Baylor University with a Ph. D. in English Literature, claims that Cormac McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men falls into the category of folklore and morality. The writer establishes a thesis-driven argument for her essay on Cormac McCarthy. Cooper incorporates the use of many quotes from McCarthy’s novels to demonstrate how the genres are evident in NCFOM. Cooper’s audience can be narrowed down to McCarthy’s fans and enthusiasts of folklore and/or morality. Her main goal is to show a unique perspective of No Country for Old Men. Genre Descriptions (Fiction Only). Agent Query LLC. 13 Nov. 2012. http://www. agentquery. com/genre_descriptions. aspx McCarthy, Cormac. No Country for Old Men. New York: Knopf, 2005. Print. No Country for Old Men. TV Tropes Foundation, LLC, n. d. Web. 13 Nov. 2012. http://tvtropes. org/pmwiki/pmwiki/php/Main/Nocountryforoldmen How to cite Middleman vs Ghost, Papers

Housing Market Failure in Economy - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Housing Market Failure in Economy. Answer: Introduction: The article RBA governor Philip Lowe only sees one way to solve Australia's housing affordability problem by David Scutt on April 5th, 2017 shows the imbalances between demand and supply of homes in the main Australian cities. The demand for houses overshadows the supply resulting in shortages and high prices. Underinvestment in the housing sector is significantly impeding the provision of homes and hence scarcity. There are also demand-side factors that have contributed to this situation. For instance, the cities have encountered population increase thus leading to an increase in demand for houses. Low cost of borrowing, availability of credits and investor activity are other factors that have contributed to an increase in the demand for homes in Australia(Scutt 2017). The primary concern arising from this situation is the increase in the affordability crisis. The recent increase in the house prices has made it hard for low and mid-income households to secure dwellings in the key cities. Foremost, there are proposals that the government should develop infrastructure to increase the availability of suitably located land to enhance the delivery of additional houses. The state is argued to reduce immigration levels and also limit tax concessions to check on the rising demand(Scutt 2017). The article Sydney squeeze: Is rent control the answer to the housing affordability crisis? by Amanda Hoh portrays failure in Australian real estate market. Both rents and the prices of purchasing homes have increased considerably making it difficult for Australians to secure dwellings. The measures towards ensuring house affordability seem to be concentrated only on affordable buying. The author argues that both affordable acquisition and affordable renting should be given equal weight in addressing housing issues(Hoh 2017). Introducing rent ceiling will be essential to protecting the low-income families in the society. The underinvestment in the housing sector is among the leading factors in hindering the development of additional houses in Australia. Inadequate infrastructure discourages the property developers from constructing new homes(Gurran Phibbs 2013, p. 384). In a situation where the developers incur the cost of core infrastructures like roads and water, such expenses are passed to the purchasers through higher prices. The main cities in Australia like Melbourne and Sydney have been encountering population increase in the recent years. A large number of individuals in towns results in strong demand for dwelling units. As the demand for housing has been increasing, the supply has not grown to respond to the demand and hence increase in the prices(McLaren, Yeo Sweet 2016, p. 47). In the past one decade, Australia has been experiencing positive economic growths and rising GDP per capita. With such positive increases, the incomes of city dwellers have improved significantly(McLaren, Yeo Sweet 2016, p. 50). Therefore, the residents have increased their demand for homes a scenario that has led to high prices since the supply has not caught up with demand. Addressing the Issue of Housing Affordability Australia is known to be having one of stringent land utilization policies across the globe. These systems contribute considerably to underprovision of dwelling units in the cities as they act as a discouragement to the developers. For example, they result in compliance costs which the developers tend to pass to the first home buyers(Haslam McKenzie Rowley 2013, p. 375). Therefore, relaxing these policies can pave the way for construction of more homes to check on the rising demand. The command should take an active role in the improving the infrastructure in the country. Equitable and sufficient development of core infrastructures like water, sewerage, roads, and energy can increase the supply of well-located land to facilitate the building of new homes(Davidson 2016, p. 37). Availability of better infrastructure will also bar the developers from passing the costs associated with the infrastructure to the first home purchasers. The investor activity which is partly encouraged by the provision of tax concessions by the government has helped to pile pressure on the limited houses(Gurran Phibbs 2013, p. 400). Therefore, the leadership should consider restricting the tax concessions to reduce investor demand and speculative activities in the market. Moreover, limiting immigration levels will help to calm city populations and hence less demand for homes. As the income of city dwellers increases, their demand to own houses also grows. On the graph one below, this scenario is demonstrated by the shift in the demand curve from D1 to D2. The change in demand curve causes the quantity demanded to increase from Q1 to Q2 while the prices grow to P2. Before the introduction of rent ceiling, equilibrium in the real estate market is achieved at point K where the equilibrium price is Pe, and the equilibrium quantity is Qe. The introduction of rent ceiling, that is, P1, leads to change in both the number of homes demanded and those the suppliers are will to deliver. The number of homes required increases to Q1 while those landlords are willing to supply reduces to Q2. The difference between Q1 and Q2 shows the scarcity of rentals in the market. Rent cap reduces the rents, and thus those renters who can secure houses will benefit. However, in the long run, the rent regulation policies backfires as the landlords supply less in the market leading to a shortage. The welfare of the renters and owners declines significantly. Before rent ceiling, the consumer surplus is represented by the area MKPe, which reduces to the area marked X after the rent cap is imposed. On the other hand, the primary landlord surplus is denoted by area JKPe which declines to portion marked Y on the imposition of rent regulation. As a result, dead weight loss sets in, that is, the loss that arises because the consumer cannot find a house to rent and also the landlords loses income by not supplying homes to the market. On the graph two above, the deadweight loss is shown by the portion marked D. High level of immigration in urban centers results in an increase in demand for dwellings. Therefore, if the government puts measures in place, it can help reduce the demand arising from population pressure. For example, the leadership can improve infrastructure and other social amenities in rural areas to reduce rural-urban migration. Reduction in population will reduce the demand for houses and hence the demand curve shift leftward towards the equilibrium. Provision of Additional Rental Units Insufficient supply of rental homes contributes to high rental prices considerably. Therefore, instead of concentrating on rent regulation, the government should strive to increase the supply of rental units in the market. For example, the leadership can work with charitable institutions involved in the development of affordable houses to increase the supply. As the supply increases, the prices will decline. Rent control is known to weaken the quality of rental stock. Rent ceiling reduces the rents the landlords get from renting out houses. The policy bars the producers from passing the costs of maintaining the rooms to the consumers. As a result, the owners will not renovate and preserve the homes since they will have to incur costs themselves. When they cease to renovate the homes, then the quality reduces significantly. Bibliography Davidson, NM 2016, Affordable housing and public-private partnerships, Routledge. Gurran, N Phibbs, P 2013, 'Housing supply and urban planning reform: the recent Australian experience, 20032012', International Journal of Housing Policy, vol 13, no. 4, pp. 381-407. Haslam McKenzie, FM Rowley, S 2013, 'Housing Market Failure in a Booming Economy', Housing Studies, pp. 373-388. Hoh, A 2017, Sydney squeeze: Is rent control the answer to the housing affordability crisis?, viewed 18th April 2017, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-21/sydney-squeeze-affordable-housing-rent-control-options/8370364. McLaren, J, Yeo, A Sweet, M 2016, 'Australia is Facing a Housing Affordability Crisis: Is the Solution to this Problem the Singapore Model of Housing? ', Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, vol 10, no. 4, pp. 38-57. Scutt, D 2017, RBA governor Philip Lowe only sees one way to solve Australia's housing, viewed 30th April 2017, https://www.businessinsider.com.au/lowe-housing-affordability-2017-4.

IRP Indian Rupee Vis-a-Vis Us Dollar free essay sample

Treasury bill, issued in different political jurisdictions anddenominated in different currencies are perfect substitutes in all private portfolios. The degree of financial integration has important macroeconomic implications interms of the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy in influencing aggregatedemand as well as the scope for promoting investment in an economy. The free and unrestricted flow of capital in and out of countries and the everincreasingintegration of world capital markets can be attributed to the process ofGlobalization. The benefits of such integration are liquidity enhancement on one handand risk diversification on the other, both of which are instrumental in makingmarkets more efficient and also facilitate smooth transfers of funds between lendersand borrowers. India began a very gradual and selective opening of the domesticcapital markets to foreign residents, including non-resident Indians (NRIs), in theeighties. The capital market opening picked up pace during the nineties. Real interest parity, uncoveredinterest parity and covered interest parity gives a indication of financial integration of economy. We will write a custom essay sample on IRP: Indian Rupee Vis-a-Vis Us Dollar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Three definitions of financial integration are as follows: (i) Real interest parity hypothesis states that international capital flows equalize real interest rates across countries. (ii) Uncovered interest parity states that capital flows equalize expected rates of return on countries’ bonds regardless of exposure to exchange risk. iii) Covered interest parity states that capital flows equalize interest rates across countries when contracted in the same currency. Only definition (iii) that the covered interest differential is zero is an unalloyed criterion for â€Å"capital mobility† in the sense of the degree of financial market integration across national boundaries. Condition (ii) that the uncovered interest differential is zero requires that (iii) hold and that there be zero exchange risk premium. Condition (i) that the real interest differential be zero requires condition (ii) and in addition that expected real depreciation is zero. Literature Review The uncovered interest parity (UIP) theory states that differences betweeninterest rates across countries can be explained by expected changes in currencies. Empirically, the UIP theory is usually rejected assuming rational expectations, and explanations for this rejection include that expectations are irrational. There appears to be overwhelming empirical evidence against UIRP, at least at frequencies less than one year. Other research shows that UIRP holds in long term. The results of these long horizon regressions are much more positive — the coefficients on interest differentials are of the correct sign, and most are closer to the predicted value of unity than to zero. Research done by Ravi Bansal and Magnus Dahlquistconclude that the often found negative correlation between the expected currency depreciation and interest rate differential is, contrary to popular belief, not a pervasive phenomenon. It is confined to developed economies, and here only to states where the U. S. nterest rate exceeds foreign interest rates. Research done for emerging markets by Frank S. Skinner shows that there isindeed violations in covered interest rate parity in the long-term capital markets andthe source of these violations is credit risk rather than the size of the economy orliquidity of the foreign exchange market. The covered interest parity (CIP) postulates that interest rates denominated in different c urrencies are equal once you cover yourself against foreign exchange risk. Unlike the UIP, there is empirical evidence supporting CIP hypothesis. Empirical studies by various researchers shows that the CIP holds in most cases on the Eurocurrency market (where remunerated assets have similar default and political risk characteristics) since the collapse of the Bretton Woods regime in early 1970’s. In the Indian context, Varma (1997) has undertaken an analysis of the covered interest parity. He posits a structural break in the money market in India in September 1995, with CIP become effective from that point on for the first time in the Indian money market. The structural break itself is attributed to interplay between the money market and the foreign exchange market. The period after 1995 is however witness to several deviations from the CIP. Varma has used rates on Treasury bills, certificates of deposit and commercial paper and call money rate to analyze the Indian money market. One problem encountered in examining covered interest rate parity is a lack of highquality observations on long-term interest rates the terms of which are comparableacross different markets. A ready solution is the interest rate swap market.

Microbiology Unknown Lab Report Essays

Microbiology Unknown Lab Report Essays Microbiology Unknown Lab Report Paper Microbiology Unknown Lab Report Paper Preparing for class Day I Read in your lab manual about the following agar mediums: Blood Agar (pug 168), EMBED Agar (pug 170), Imitation Salt Agar 172)), McCracken Agar (pug 174), ND PEA Agar (pug 176) to answer the following: 1. What does the blood agar select for? Blood agar allows distinction among bacteria based on their ability to else red blood cells (hemolytic activity). 2. What color is the blood agar? Blood red color. 3. What are the 3 types of blood agar results and how can you recognize them? Beta hemolytic, which is the complete lysine of red blood cells and hemoglobin. This results in complete clearing tooth blood around the colonies. Alpha hemolytic refers to the partial lysine of red blood cells and hemoglobin, This results in a greenish-grey disconsolation tot the blood around the colonies. Employees, sometimes called gamma hemolytic results in no change in the medium. 3. What color is the EMBED agar? Dark blue colonies with green metallic sheen or pink. 4, What does the EMBED agar select for? Cram-negative bacteria. 5. What bacteria can easily be differentiated on EMBED agar? Gram-positive. How is it recognized? It contains the dyes eosin and methyl blue, which inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria. 6. What color is the Imitation Salt Agar (MS)? Yellow color change in surrounding media. 7. What does the MS agar select for? It contains 7. 5% sodium chloride, which selects for organisms that re halogenated. 8. Which bacteria (that we have learned about in lecture) can be seen on MS agar? The organism Staphylococcus erasures. How can it be recognized? Capable Of imitation fermentation, signified by the color change in the surrounding media. 9. What color is McCracken Agar? Neutral red, and produce a pink color. 10. What does the McCracken agar select for? Gram. Negative bacteria. 11. What color is PEA agar? Small transparent colonies 12. What does the PEA agar select for? Isolation of obligate anaerobic bacteria. Class day 1 14 We will be setting up the Selective/Differential Media plates for each group s follows: Each group will have one bacteria sample and will do streak plates on each of the 3 agar plates (EMBED, PEA and McCracken). Label the bottom of the plate with your culture name. Invert your plates and stack them in the ICC incubator. Take care with your technique because each groups plates will be shared with every group in the class. IS Each group will have 2 MS plates, Divide them in half and place the following samples on these plates: Nasal swab S. Epidermises S. erasures Vomits We Will use sterile cotton swabs for the nasal sample and vomits sample. Use your loop for the culture samples. Label your plates, invert them and stack them in the ICC incubator. 16. Each group will have a Blood Agar plate. Swab the back one students throat (sterile cotton swab) and transfer the sample using streak plating method to the blood agar plate. Class day 2: Look at the results of your different media plates. 17. In the space below, diagram your plate results. Label plates and color where appropriate, EMBED PEA MAC Blood MS 18 Pill in the following charts to help organize this information: Selects for. Important Bacteria among bacteria as to I hemolytic activity interconnect greenish/gray hue around I Differentiate by I Blood Agar I Color of agar Distinguishes I Clear zone around the I Streptococci and their ability to else Orbs. Bacteria, or I Embargo Distinguishes bacteria that ferment I Dark blue colonies with II. Oil and I Gram-negative bacteria lactose and or sucrose and those that green metallic sheen or organisms Did not. Pink. Imaginary For organisms that are I Isolates for imitation fermentation I Yellow color change in I Staphylococcus erasures I I I surrounding media, land Staphylococcus I Epidermises I halogenated. I McCracken Agar I Gram- negative bacteria. I Distinguished from lactose fermented Neutral red, and Interrogated arrogates, I produce a pink color land E. Coli, Epigram I bacteria or not I Isolation of obligate anaerobic I Distinguished from gram-negative and I transparent E. Oil and I bacteria I Staphylococcus erasures gram-positive bacteria. YOU WILL BE RESPONSE ABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING: o EMBED -? E. Coli recognition o Imitation Salt Stash recognition o Blood Agar Beta/Gamma hemolytic o PEA Gram (4) recognition o McCracken Gram G) recognition 19. Match the following plates with the above recognitions: [pick [pick] [pick [pick] [pick] A. McCracken Gram (-) recognition. 8. Blood Agar -Beta/Gamma hemolytic. Coli recognition. D. Imitation Salt Stash recognition. C. EMBED-E E. PEA Gram (+) recognition. Label-Medicaid Microbiology-Apart Tests for the Identification of Bacteria, Spasms Preparing for class Day 1 Read in your lab manual the following tests: Catalane Test (pug I SO), Oxides Test (pug 152), Coagulate Test (pug 166) to answer the following: 1. What do you remember (from lecture) about catalane? It is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen. 2. What is this enzyme involved in (from What we learned in lecture)? It catalysts the decomposition Of hydrogen peroxide o water and oxygen. 3. What does the Catalane Test test for? Is primarily used to distinguish among Gram-positive Cisco. 4. What does a positive Catalane Test result look like? Notable bubbling. What does a negative result look like? No bubbling. 5. What does the Oxides Test test for? To determine if bacteria have stockroom oxides, a participant in electron transport during respiration. 6. What is this enzyme involved in? Identification of bacterial strains: it determines whether a given bacterium produces stockroom oxides (and therefore utilizes oxygen with an electron transfer chain). 7. What does a positive Oxides Test result look like? Ill result in a color change to pink, through maroon and into black, within 10-30 seconds. What does a negative result look like? Will result in a light-pink or absence of coloration. 8, What does the Coagulate Test for? Pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci. 9. What is this enzyme involved in? Staphylococcus erasures 10, Why is coagulate important to bacteria? Because of their ability to cause blood p lasma to clot 11. What does a coagulate positive result look like? Indicating by gelling of the plasma, which remains in place even after inverting the tube. What does a negative result look like? It flows when inverter 12. What bacteria are important in reference to the coagulate test? Staphylococcus erasures and Stash. Epidermis will demonstrate the Catalane, Oxides, and Coagulate tests. 13. On the box below, diagram the results Of the Catalane Test: Label results 14. In the box below, diagram the results of the Oxides Test. Label and use color where appropriate. IS In the box below, diagram the results of the Coagulate Test. Label and color where appropriate. 16. Fill in the following charts to help organize this information. Purpose Negative result Involved in I Positive Result I I Catalane Test TIT detect the presence tot I Quickly breakdown H2O into water and Bubbling I catalane, an enzyme that degrades 102 hydrogen peroxide I No Bubbling I I Oxides Test I Collects electrons and facilitates I Purple, maroon and into I Light pink or absent To determine if bacteria have I their addition to molecular 02 and black color color H2O during I respiration stockroom oxides, a participant I with to form line electron transport Coagulate Test TIT distinguish between pathogenic I Activates a pathway that converts I Gelling of the plasma, I Flows when inverted I and non-pathogenic staphylococci, forefinger in blood plasma into I remains in place even base on blood plasma clotting I fibrin, the protein thread sticks I after inverting the tube I forming clots Karen Hogan Label-Medical Microbiology part-3-Two Additional Tests for Identification of Bacteria: Latex Agglutination Test and Underwrote II Test Preparing tort class Day I Read the L atex Agglutination Test information provided and answer the following I. What does agglutination mean? Clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies. 2. Since we are in microbiology are cooking for the clumping Of Epitomes found on the surface Of Antigen that Will bind to specific Antibody that were made by Immune system(B cells). 3. What Will a positive result look like? Clumping. 4. What will a negative result look like? Dilute liquid no clumping. Latex Agglutination Test The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antigens in a variety of bodily fluids including saliva, urine, cerebrations fluid, or blood. The sample is mixed with latex beads coated with a specific antibody. Fifth suspected substance is present (the specific antigen), the latex heads (with the pacific antibody) will clump together with the antigen (agglutinate). Antigen Antibody attached to beads in liquid When the antigen shape matches the antibody shape, they will bind to each other and the cells/antibody/antigen will clump together (as below). Notice how the dark spots are clumping in the liquid. When the antigen shape does not match the antibody shape, they will not bind to each other (see below). Notice that there are no clumps in the liquid. Procedure a) Place a drop of the Latex Control liquid in one of the circles on the test card. The Latex Control liquid will have the liquid contain the latex beads with no antibodies attached. B) Aseptically remove a colony from an agar plate and place it on the circle with the Control liquid. ) With the sterile loop, mix the liquid with the colony, d) Place a drop of the Latex Test liquid in the second circle on the test card The Latex Test liquid will have the liquid with antibodies for a specific microbe (in our class, the antigen is for Stash erasures) attached to the latex beads. E) Asepticall y remove a colony from an agar plate and place it in a second circle marked on the test card. F) With the sterile loop, mix the liquid with the colony. G) Compare the mixtures of the two colonies. 5. In the space below, diagram the results Of the Agglutination Test. Use color Preparing for class Day I Read the Underwrote II System information provided and answer the following: 1. What types of bacteria will the Underwrote II Test identity? E coli. 2. What information will the Underwrote II Test give us? ID gram-Eng, glucose fermenting, oases-negative intercontinental. The Underwrote II System The basic philosophy of the Underwrote II System is the speed, ease and low cost in the identification Of gram negative, glucose fermenting oxides-negative Intercontinental. The Underwrote II System consists of a single tube containing 2 compartment, each containing a different agar culture medium. There are compartments that require aerobic conditions and have small openings that allow air in; those compartments that require anaerobic conditions have a layer of paraffin wax on the top of the media. There is a self- enclosed inoculating needle or wire that runs through the center of the tube. The end of the needle can touch an isolated bacterial colony and then in one movement can he drawn through the 12 compartments so that every compartment is inoculated. [pick] After 18-24 hours of incubation, the color changes that occur in each of the impairments are recorded and interpreted according to the manufacturers instructions, The interpretation is done by determining a five-digit code from the results and then consulting a coding manual. [pick] Inoculating the tube: a. Remove the caps from both ends of the Underwrote. The tip of the wire is sterile and does not need to be flamed. B. Touch a well-isolated colony from an agar plate with the tip of the wire. C. Inoculate the Underwrote with the bacterial culture by drawing, and at the same time rotating, the wire through the 12 compartments. D. Push the ever back through the Underwrote so that the 12 hammers are re-inoculated. E. Withdraw the Wire once again until the tip is in the HAS/indolence compartment and then break the wire at the notch by bending back and forth. F. Replace the caps but do not tighten. Losing the Wire remnant, punch holes in the compartments that need to grow aerobically. G. Incubate the Underwrote for 18-24 hours at ICC. Interpreting the tube: a. After 18-24 hours of incubation, examine the Underwrote and notice the color changes that have occurred in each compartment. B. SE the color code chart provided in class to determine positive and negative results. C. Record both costive and negative results on the small worksheet provided during lab, d, We will skip the Indolence testing and the compartment labeled UP. E. Determine the five-digit identification number: 1. U se only the tests that are positive. Add the numbers under the results within each test section. 2. Enter the sum of the positive tests for each test section in the square labeled ID value. F. Determine the identity four enteric unknown by comparing the five- digit identification number with the Underwrote II Interpretation Guide (manual provided during lab), bacteria.

Argument Paper on Exercise Essay Example for Free

Argument Paper on Exercise Essay 1-The Benefits of Exercise and Sports Participation for Kids- e Diet Star This article focuses how benefitical it is for young kids to participate in sports and to exercise regularly. It talks about how exercise and sports offer social relationships, physical challenges and honest competition. Also, exercise and sports can increase a child’s self-esteem and academic performance while preventing the chances of disease or drug use. All these things can help the development of children by not only making them healthy but giving them life experience. 2-Fitness Benefits For Teens- This article list the specifics on the benefits for teens to be fit. It says that physical activity doesn’t have to be time consuming but it is necessary for everyone. Some of the facts about teen exercise given by this article are that nearly half of American children ages twelve through twenty-one are not regularly active. About fourteen percent of young people report no physical activity at all. Also, only nineteen percent of all high school students are active for twenty minutes or more, five days a week. The main focuses point of the article are the physical activity helps build healthy bones, muscles and joints. It helps control weight, build lean muscle, and reduce fat. 3-Find Mind-Blowing Benefits of Exercise- This article tries to get a point across, it starts by saying that exercise isn’t all about getting toned abs and losing weight but that it makes you feel happy. There are five main points that this article talks about. The first once talks about how exercise reverses the detrimental effects of stress. Second, it talks about how exercise can help get rid of depression. Next, it is discussed how exercise can improve learning by increasing brain chemicals called growth factors. Furthermore, exercise builds self-esteem and improves your body image. Lastly, it leaves you feeling euphoric which means that the push and intensity of a workout makes you feel happy and excited. Argument Paper on Exercise. (2017, Jan 19).

Marketing communication plan Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing communication plan - Lab Report Example Having prove themselves, surpassed criticism and withstand competition, Bosch surely will be the brand to highlight modernity and customer satisfaction. As its founder, Robert Bosch had envisioned, this new product â€Å"would provide a technological  innovation that would be enthusiastically accepted in the U.S. marketplace.† So would the new audio system be defined as well. A product is a bundle of physical, service, and symbolic attributes designed to enhance consumer want satisfaction. (Boone & Kurtz 364) The company aims to fill the need of the customer to be satisfied. This is why product development is crucial in assessing or finding out what consumers seek for in an audio system, in this situation for example. Consumers tend to look for the benefits in a purchase, whether premium or valued. The proponents plan to offer a competitive and defined sound system. The audio system would include a DVD/CD and MP3 player with an expandable memory that comes with a free SD card of a 16 gig capacity, a four speaker system with a 4.1 surround sound system that includes a subwoofer for a superior and enhanced quality, wi-fi capabilities that would enable remote access for speakers to be positioned in any part of the room, amplifier and digital radio tuner with a state-of-the-art turn table. The purchase of this audio system also comes with free music from Sony artists. From the very start, Bosch has represented leading-edge modernity in technology -- but, at the same time, Its founder also espoused timeless and humanistic values. (Bosch) This is how the product will be launched; timeless in design and features that would last to its most useful life; humanistic values that deliver needs and wants of the customer at the same time. At the launching event of the product simultaneously in each state, Bosch will give a forty percent discount for the first 20 customers. Along with this launching, a main event